Apart from damaged tyres and rims?
Potholes doing damage to our cars:
https://transgold.com.au/pain-pothole-parts-car-suffer/Pain in the Pothole: Which Parts of a Car Suffer Most?
Tie rod end damage is common, these ball joints connecting the steering and wheels can’t take the hard knocks.
Hitting a pothole deflects the wheels at an awkward angle, which damages the joint and throws out the wheel alignment.
Struts are an integral part of a vehicle’s suspension, supporting the weight, while keeping the wheels positioned.
Striking a pothole can damage the bushings that attach the strut to the chassis,
as well as the many linkages that make up the front end.
Stabiliser bar links
Another area that suffers from pothole strike are the ball joints either end of the stabiliser or sway bar.
This suspension component stops side-to-side body movement as the car corners,
so when the joint is taken out by a pothole, the car will begin to slump through corners, rather than easing into them.
It’s not the bar that gets damaged (usually), but the bushing that protects the joints between sway bar and chassis.
This is why you hear a clunking or rattling when you corner or go over a speed bump.