lee wrote Yesterday at 4:39pm:
Bobby. wrote Yesterday at 4:35pm:
Trump should have gone straight to Congress -
Like Truman and then Kennedy.
AI:
Neither President Harry S. Truman nor President John F. Kennedy obtained a formal declaration of war or specific, pre-authorization from Congress for their major military involvements in Korea and Vietnam, respectively. Instead, they utilized executive power, acting under broader, existing, or international authorizations, which established precedents for later presidential war-making powers.
Harry S. Truman (Korean War, 1950–1953)
No Formal Declaration: Truman did not ask Congress for a declaration of war, characterizing the conflict instead as a "police action" under the auspices of the United Nations.
UN and Executive Authority: Truman committed U.S. air, ground, and naval forces based on UN Security Council resolutions calling for assistance to South Korea.
Congressional Support: While not passing a formal declaration, Congress generally supported the intervention, including voting to extend the draft to support the effort. However, the lack of formal, explicit authorization was criticized at the time.
John F. Kennedy (Vietnam War, 1961–1963)
Advisors and Counterinsurgency: Kennedy significantly increased the number of U.S. military "advisors" in South Vietnam from approximately 1,000 to over 15,000 by late 1963.
Executive Action: These deployments were done through executive orders and memoranda (such as NSAM 263) rather than congressional authorization.
No Combat Authorization: While Kennedy authorized a more "visible and hazardous role," he maintained that U.S. personnel were there to train, advise, and support, not to engage in direct combat. The formal authorization for direct, large-scale combat (the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution) did not occur until 1964, after his death.