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issuevoter Gold Member Offline Australian Politics Posts: 9200 The Great State of Mind Gender:	HB11 Fussion Aug 17^th, 2021 at 5:05pm They say if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is: https://hb11.energy/
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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #1 - Aug 19^th, 2021 at 12:55pm Be nice if it was true! They quote some science papers on the site so, could be so.
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Captain Nemo Gold Member Offline Australian Politics Posts: 15829 Melbourne Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #2 - Aug 21^st, 2021 at 12:11pm So, they use Picosecond lasers? Picosecond lasers use pulse durations of less than 1 nanosecond, which causes predominantly photoacoustic damage. A nanosecond is one thousand-millionth of a second. On the face of it, this power generation is ridiculous and will never amount to anything useful.
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issuevoter

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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #3 - Aug 21^st, 2021 at 10:20pm

Captain Nemo wrote on Aug 21^st, 2021 at 12:11pm:

So, they use Picosecond lasers?

Picosecond lasers use pulse durations of less than 1 nanosecond, which causes predominantly photoacoustic damage.

A nanosecond is one thousand-millionth of a second.

On the face of it, this power generation is ridiculous and will never amount to anything useful. Sad

OK, I am skeptical, but why would they make themselves so obviously ridiculous? And why does the picosecond laser make this process impossible?

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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #4 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 11:30am What is photoacoustic damage?
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Captain Nemo

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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #5 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 1:19pm

issuevoter wrote on Aug 21^st, 2021 at 10:20pm:

Captain Nemo wrote on Aug 21^st, 2021 at 12:11pm:

So, they use Picosecond lasers?

Picosecond lasers use pulse durations of less than 1 nanosecond, which causes predominantly photoacoustic damage.

A nanosecond is one thousand-millionth of a second.

On the face of it, this power generation is ridiculous and will never amount to anything useful. Sad

OK, I am skeptical, but why would they make themselves so obviously ridiculous? And why does the picosecond laser make this process impossible?

The energy required for the less than a nanosecond of fusion scales up too much to make this viable as a power source IMHO.

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Captain Nemo Gold Member Offline Australian Politics Posts: 15829 Melbourne Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #6 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 1:22pm Jovial Monk wrote on Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 11:30am: What is photoacoustic damage? I don't know for sure, but it reminds me of the other *weird* property of light ... it has zero mass, yet exerts pressure? I imagine photoacoustic damage is like a mini sound wave produced by concentrated light beams affecting a substance.
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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #7 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 1:40pm Light has mass—wave-particle duality, remember?
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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #8 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 1:48pm All this happens in a pretty hard vacuum. Fusion is the real hope of emissions–free power. Once working at utility scale it will be miniaturised: put one in a house—free electricity for decades. Put one in a car—pour in 1L distilled water into the fuel tank—enough fuel for years! e = mc ² c = 300,000kps
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Captain Nemo

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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #9 - Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 10:58pm

Jovial Monk wrote on Aug 22^nd, 2021 at 1:40pm:

Light has mass—wave-particle duality, remember?

According to the special theory of relativity, any particle with a finite mass requires an infinite amount of energy to reach the speed of light. Therefore no particles with any intrinsic mass can travel with the speed of light.

Light is made up of waves of photons.

Photons have zero mass.

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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #10 - Aug 23^rd, 2021 at 7:15am Zero mass but have momentum. It has energy “which is a type of mass” according to Einstein.
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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #11 - Aug 23^rd, 2021 at 2:05pm

Jovial Monk wrote on Aug 23^rd, 2021 at 7:15am:

Zero mass but have momentum. It has energy “which is a type of mass” according to Einstein.

Guys you are confusing yourselves. (easy to do)

e=mc^2 is only a part of the full equation. This refers to an object at rest. m=rest mass.
Light has no rest mass.

For light:

Massless particles have zero rest mass. The Planck–Einstein relation for the energy for photons is given by the equation E = hf, where h is the Planck constant and f is the photon frequency. This frequency and thus the relativistic energy are frame-dependent. If an observer runs away from a photon in the direction the photon travels from a source, and it catches up with the observer, the observer sees it as having less energy than it had at the source. The faster the observer is traveling with regard to the source when the photon catches up, the less energy the photon would be seen to have. As an observer approaches the speed of light with regard to the source, the redshift of the photon increases, according to the relativistic Doppler effect. The energy of the photon is reduced and as the wavelength becomes arbitrarily large, the photon's energy approaches zero, due to the massless nature of photons, which does not permit any intrinsic energy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence

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Super Nova Gold Member Offline Posts: 3085 Everywhere Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #12 - Aug 24^th, 2021 at 7:59pm https://www.emc2-explained.info/Emc2/Derive.htm#.YSTCtUviuUk Have read of this.
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Captain Nemo Gold Member Offline Australian Politics Posts: 15829 Melbourne Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #13 - Aug 25^th, 2021 at 11:19am And another thing ... if light slows entering a denser medium (e.g. bending through glass) ... how come it speeds up again coming out?
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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #14 - Aug 25^th, 2021 at 2:39pm

Captain Nemo wrote on Aug 25^th, 2021 at 11:19am:

And another thing ... if light slows entering a denser medium (e.g. bending through glass) ... how come it speeds up again coming out? Huh

I have seen many explanations for this and it is confusing. The one I go with is because light bumps into the atoms, gets absorbed and re-emitted. This takes time. A quantum view rather than the wave view.

It is actually not able to travel through without being absorbed at the visible frequency by bumping into atom as it is densely packed. It returns to normal speed when it exists the dense object. In air if it hits an atom, it will be re-emitted. Hence a rainbow is the light being diffracted when it hits water molecule or why the sky is blue.

However at other frequencies that are not at the frequency the atoms will absorb (the right quantum) then it will just pass through in effected. E.g. Radio wave.

Update:

Jut went to find this video I watched a few year ago.

Check out Richard Feynman's lectures on QED.

They are from the 80s but he provides the best explanation for this.

All his lectures are very informative.

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« Last Edit: Aug 25^th, 2021 at 3:12pm by Super Nova »

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Jovial Monk Gold Member Offline Dogs not cats! Posts: 51474 Gender:	Re: HB11 Fussion Reply #15 - Aug 25^th, 2021 at 4:15pm If light shed energy on entering a prism, say, said prism would grow hot.
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Re: HB11 Fussion
Reply #16 - Aug 25^th, 2021 at 7:17pm

Jovial Monk wrote on Aug 25^th, 2021 at 4:15pm:

If light shed energy on entering a prism, say, said prism would grow hot.

Yes, this is because any light (or EM) in infrared range mainly is outside the transparency to visible light and to most of the spectrum before and after visible light frequencies , depending on the optical properties of the specific glass. This is because some of the photons are absorbed and not re-released immediately, that is, they push an electron to a higher energy stated and they remains that way until they drop to a lower energy level releasing a photon. (cooling down maybe by bumping to each other until the molecules on the outside can release the energy transferred as infrared photons. HEAT) I think Cheesy

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« Last Edit: Aug 26^th, 2021 at 5:23am by Super Nova »

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