Frank wrote on Dec 21^st, 2019 at 10:08pm:


No, it's called science.

Clearly that is a foreign language to you but we are here to help.

Indeed.
I can only add that many of the active volcanos are unknown, being under the oceans.

Air pollution and CO2 are not the same, btw.

I don't like the looks of this graph. how many more species are living on the edge and what about the insect and marine world that we know very little about.

lee wrote on Dec 22^nd, 2019 at 1:46pm:

Warming is but one of the contributors to mass extinction, nothing we can do quick enough is going to do anything, its the snowball effect which follows the past the tipping point effect.

Was that whole graph BS Lee.

Humbling hills
Ian Plimer

Ian Plimer


Hidden in the spectacular rugged mountains of the far north Flinders Ranges at Arkaroola is a climate story written in stone.

What were muds, silts and sands were compressed, pushed down and became so hot that they melted 1600 million years ago. Uranium was concentrated in these melts which solidified into a radioactive granite. Further compression pushed the radioactive granite and cooked rocks up into a mountain range. A billion years later, the giant supercontinent Rodinia fragmented. Erosion flattened the mountains at Arkaroola and basalt lava spewed out from deep fractures. Stretching of the Earth led to the formation of a large basin called the Adelaide Rift Complex.

Sand, silt and mud were deposited in the shallow warm marine basin. Towards the base of this thick pile of sediments were bacterial colonies that extracted carbon dioxide from seawater to form stromatolite reefs. Dolomite is a very voluminous marine sediment in the Complex. Experiments show that dolomite can only form when the atmosphere has hundreds of times more carbon dioxide than today.

The Sturtian ice age occurred 700 million years ago. Ice covered the planet. An ice sheet at least 20 kilometres thick was at sea level at equatorial Arkaroola. This was the greatest ice age the Earth had ever experienced yet the atmosphere contained hundreds of times the current CO2 content. Using climate activist ideology, there should have been runaway global warming rather than an ice age.

Only continental glacial and deep-sea sediments formed during the Sturtian. Immediately after, the planet warmed. This was not due to human emissions of carbon dioxide. Dolomitic marine rocks on top of glacial debris confirm a sea level rise of at least 1,500 metres. Chemical fingerprints of these dolomites show that sea water was +40°C immediately after an ice age. That’s real global warming. Ice sheets contained boulders, sand, silt, mud and very fine-grained ground-up material called rock flour. Melt waters washed rock flour into the oceans providing nutrients for the bacterial life that survived the ice age. Warm times about 650 million years ago led to the emergence of animal life from nutrient-rich warm sea water. The Arkaroola Reef was a barrier reef. It contains fossils of the first multicellular life on Earth. Up until recently, it was thought that the Ediacaran fauna (580 to 542 million years old) was the first animal life on Earth. This is now wrong. Science advances by refutation.

Red rocks formed on tidal flats show that after the formation of the Arkaroola Reef, there was more oxygen in the carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. They also show Arkaroola was still close to the equator, the moon was far closer to the Earth than now and an Earth year was 400 days long. Warm times came to a sudden end with the onset of the Marinoan glaciation 635 million years ago. It was less intense and shorter lived than the Sturtian glaciation and Earth was again a snowball. Sea level dropped, the surface of oceans froze and animals in the Arkaroola Reef became extinct. The geological record shows time and again that extinction and loss of reefs occurs during cooling and sea level fall and not due to global warming as climate activists try to tell us. The Marinoan started when atmospheric CO2 was hundreds of times the current level showing it cannot drive global warming.

Ice at Arkaroola was again at sea level at the equator and a seasonal freeze-thaw resulted in icebergs calving from glaciers. They floated out to sea, melted and dropped rocks onto the sea floor. When sea ice covered the oceans, iron dissolved from sea floor sediments back into seawater. When the sea ice broke up, currents circulated oxygenated seawater and dissolved iron precipitated onto the sea floor in a global event that formed iron ore. Debris left behind by retreating glaciers was covered by dolomitic rocks that again formed at +40°C.

Meltwaters washed nutritious rock flour into the oceans, single-celled bacteria evolved to give the second global evolution of animal life 580 million years ago. This time it stood the test of time. About 80 different sponge-like animals were present from 580 to 542 million years ago. These animals fed on sea floor bacterial mats and, in an explosion of predatory life 542 million years ago, they were dinner for organisms that used the abundant CO2 in seawater to make protective shells, skeletons and scales. Red marine muds formed as the sea rose to cover land. There was enough oxygen in the carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere to rust soils.

The Gawler Ranges was hit 580 million years ago by an asteroid 4 kms in diameter. The 90-km diameter impact crater is in a unique red volcanic rock that does not occur at Arkaroola. Melted, vapourised and shocked red volcanic debris went for a trip through space and landed back on Earth in mud hundreds of kilometres away from the impact crater. Ripple marks in the mud show that there were tsunamis travelling at 900 km/hr.

Thanks Frank - and all that radioactive granite free energy is wasted?

Frank wrote on Dec 22^nd, 2019 at 2:35pm:


Ian Plimer

Ian R. Plimer (born February 12, 1946), a mining geologist, mining company director and anthropogenic global warming denier with no evident expertise in climate science, has written the "denier's bible", a book called Heaven and Earth, which makes mutually-inconsistent claims[2] and was panned as being riddled with errors. In 2011 he wrote the "anti-warmist manual" How to Get Expelled From School: A guide to climate change for pupils, parents and punters, which reviewers found to be full of scientific errors, containing flawed and undocumented diagrams, and sloppily edited.[3][4][

random wrote on Dec 22^nd, 2019 at 5:55pm:


So what was it the IPCC said about climate modelling? I'll check.

“In sum, a strategy must recognise what is possible. In climate research and modelling, we should recognise that we are dealing with a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore that the long-term prediction of future climate states is not possible”
IPCC Third Assessment Report, The Scientific Basis 14 2 2 2, p.774


So you mean climate models are true?  What was it I told you about observations and models?

Some things just never sink in.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/TAR-14.pdf