Greenland's ice sheet melting rate is accelerating, scientists confirm
Both the UN Environment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sounded the alarm over the dire climate trajectory we're on, and the huge efforts needed to limit warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
And in June,
research published in Nature pointed to a tripling of the rate of melting of the Antarctic ice sheet over the last five years.
Now, new research published in Nature today has confirmed a similar trend is occurring in the Greenland ice sheet.
Researchers used ice cores to create a 350 year continuous analysis of the melting rate of ice in central west Greenland.
An ice core is a sample taken from an ice pack with a hollow drill, revealing a cross-section that effectively looks back in time, a bit like the rings of a tree.
They found that over the last 20 years, the rate of melting has been as much as five times as high as pre-industrial melt rates, and that the rate of melting is increasing, according to researcher Luke Trusel from Rowan University in the United States.
"The main conclusion that we found is that it's now melting more in recent decades than any time in the last four centuries, and probably more than any time in the last seven to eight thousand years," Dr Trusel said
According to their ice core samples, 2012 was "unambiguously" the most intense melt year on record in Greenland.
An increased rate of melting was detected in the ice cores beginning in the mid-1800s, which was around the same time as the onset of industrial-era Arctic warming.
But it was only during the 1970s that the melting clearly breached the natural range of variability.
In other words, we expect to see some differences in melting between years, but during the 1970s that melting occurred on a scale beyond what could possibly be explained by a fluctuation around a stable average of ice cover.
Significantly, they've confirmed that the increasing melting rate is following an exponential trajectory, caused by positive feedbacks like the albedo effect, according to Dr Trusel.
The albedo effect describes the phenomenon where dark surfaces absorb more heat than reflective white surfaces like ice and snow.
As ice melts, the darker ground beneath absorbs more energy from the sun, which causes even more melting — creating a feedback loop.
"The response of the ice sheet to a warming climate is not linear," Dr Trusel said.
"What that means practically is that, say we have half a degree of warming today, that would produce twice as much or more melting than half a degree that occurred sometime in the past."
Most previous research has used satellite observations and computer modelling to calculate the rate of melting in Greenland.
This new research has allowed scientists to cross-reference their satellite observations against physical ice cores, according to Dr Trusel.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-12-06/greenland-ice-sheet-melting-accel...