lee wrote on Mar 23
rd, 2016 at 6:32pm:
No it shows that the effects of the El Nino are still lingering.
'A weakening El Niño continues. Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures are still much warmer than average, but subsurface temperatures—El Niño's "heat source"—have declined sharply. Tropical rainfall across the Pacific remains disrupted: suppressed over Indonesia, enhanced farther east. Transition to ENSO-neutral is likely by early summer 2016, with close to a 50% chance for La Niña to develop by fall.'
https://www.climate.gov/ensoNote: NH summer
You fail to understand the whole concept of El Nino when you talk about its "effects" in this way.
El Niño and La Niña are associated with complex weather patterns resulting from variations in ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. El Niño episodes have prolonged (over 8 months) negative SOI, meaning there is lower pressure over Tahiti and higher pressure in Darwin.
The SOI is a measure of the intensity or strength of the Walker Circulation.
It is calculated using
SOI = (Standardized Tahiti MSL pressure - Standardized Darwin MSL Pressure)/ Monthly standard deviation.
where Standardized Darwin = (Actual Darwin SLP - Mean Darwin SLP)/ Standard Deviation Darwin
and Standardized Tahiti = (Actual Tahiti SLP - Mean Tahiti SLP)/
Standard Deviation Tahiti
You could say that the prolonged SOI is caused by the Walker Circulation or you could just as easily say that the SOI is caused by the prevailing weather pattern.
So what causes what? Neither. Instead of talking about the effects of the prevailing SOI, it's safer to talk about certain weather patterns being associated with An El Nino episode.
Saying that temperatures are caused by an index is a bit like saying that the BHP share price is caused by the ASX200 dropping. It's a real howler.
You can predict weather patterns in coming months to a limited extent from EL Nino phase, but it's like alchemy.