Soren wrote on Feb 23
rd, 2013 at 2:29pm:
For Islam, conquest was its sustenance, not learning, innovation, culture.
except when it wasn't

Firstly, I am not talking about, nor was I ever talking about the Ottoman empire. The golden period I have been talking about lasted for a good 500 years - and most of those years did not involve any conquering (all the conquesting happened very early on). Thus it absolutely *WAS* the case that this great civilization was sustained by learning, innovation and culture.
Secondly, the period of spectacular islamic conquest deserves more analysis than the dismissive "emerged out of their caves like a wrecking ball" footnote we get in western textbooks. Think about it, an ill equipped amateur army of no more than 10 000 at any give time conquered the entire middle east - including Egypt and much of North Africa - in the space of just 30 years - and we're supposed to buy the standard 'barbaric wrecking ball' explanation?? Ridiculous. Islam could only have been that successful if it offered something that the inhabitants of those conquered lands would welcome the islamic armies as liberators.
That they did. Islam's legal code including the dhimmi system was revolutionary in the way it treated their non-muslim subjects. In fact, the dhimmi system, with the revenue it created for the caliphate, gave the muslim conquerers the best incentive not to force convert their subjects, and allowing them to continue worshipping and going about their business. Little wonder that cities all over the Persian and Byzantine empires opened their gates to the muslim liberators
What does this mean for the development of islamic civilization? All the non-muslim subjects - which included scholars, translators etc, were free to go about their business, contributing to the cultural flowering and advancement of islamic civilization. This included a significant jewish population (up to 1/3 of the population of Baghdad was jewish) - who as we all know were ostrasised and suffering periodic pogroms in Europe.
But not only were the existing non-muslim population relatively free under islamic rule, but under the golden age, the caliphs actively encouraged foreigners in to exchange ideas and knowledge - and add to the advancement of their civilization.
Quote:In the 7th century Islam by force conquers two of the greatest civilizations to have existed; The Persians and the eastern half of the Roman empire. In the 8th century they create Baghdad in what was former Persian territory. How is this not swallowing civilizations that were already very advanced and building off of what others have developed?
Well yes, they did swallow other civilizations and build on what was already developed - but understand that you are describing every single other civilization throughout history. Thats how
ALL civilizations develop - off the back of what was there previously. It is a fallacy for you to say islam could not have created its own rich civilization - simply because it picked up what was already there and developed it further. No civilization in all of history has been created completely from scratch.
What you are and soren (and the standard western myth about the spread of islam) claim happens is more accurately describing the Mongol conquests of the 13th century. When the Mongols crashed through most of the islamic world - including the capture of Baghdad - what great cultural legacy did they leave? What great cultural and learning hubs did they create at the very crossroads of Greek, Persian, hindu, jewish - not to mention islamic civilizations? They left nothing except permanent cultural decline in those areas. Note that this is the exact opposite of what happened when the "islamic hordes" "crashed" through the middle east in the 8th century.