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Soren
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Richard Burton observed that sodomy was common in the Middle East and noted that a French officer (Sonnini) who had traveled to Egypt in 1717 "had drawn the darkest picture of the widely-spread criminality especially of the bestiality and sodomy which formed the delight of the Egyptians."( n30)
In early 19th-century Syria, Burckhart, visiting among the Druse and commenting on marriage customs and adultery, recorded that "unnatural propensities are very common amongst them."( n31)
Gustave Flaubert wrote from Cairo to a friend in 1850: "Here it is quite accepted. One admits one's sodomy, and it is spoken of at table in the hotel. . . . It's at the baths that such things take place."( n32)
At an international conference on the prevention of syphilis and venereal diseases held in Brussels in 1899, the report on Turkey stated that "[p]ederasty is very widespread in the Orient. Without exaggeration, one could say that most of the `hammams,' Turkish baths, are bordellos of boys."( n33)
Louis de Chenier was appointed French Consul at Mogador (now Essaouira) in 1767. He wrote that the rise to wealth and luxury in Fez had quickly been followed by licentiousness: "The public baths, which health, cleanliness, and custom, rendered necessary, became the receptacles of debauchery, into which men were introduced in the dress of women; and the youth of the city ranged the streets, after sun set, in the same disguise, to prevail upon strangers to go with them to the inns, which were rather houses of prostitution . . . ." Chenier suggests that the early rulers of Fez "connived at these abuses" and that the "subservience of all morals" was a source of political advantage.( n34)
A member of the French military mission at Fez in the late 19th century wrote that "[s]odomy is not a vice in Morocco, it is almost a virtue. . . . They are so little embarrassed by it that they arrange a rendez-vous in the middle of a cabinet meeting."( n35)
Relying upon several French sources, Gavin Maxwell states that, before the arrival of the French, homosexuality "between man and boy was never considered shameful or abnormal in Morocco," that homosexual prostitution existed, and that boys accompanied imperial troops for the satisfaction of sexual needs on military campaigns.( n36)
References: (n30.) Sir Richard F. Burton, The Sotadic Zone (Boston: Milford House, 1973), 45-50. (n31.) John L. Burckhart. Travel in Syria and Holy Land (London: John Murray. 1822), 202. (n32.) Greenberg. 179, citing Gustave Flaubert, trans., Francis Steegmuller. The Letters of Gustave Flaubert, 1830-1857 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), 111. (n33.) Professor von During, "Prostitution et maladies veneriennes en Turquie," Conference internationale pour la propylaxie de la syphilis et des maladies veneriennes (Bruxelles, 1899), Vol. I, Part II, 93-98, 95. (My translation). (n34.) Louis de Chenier. The Present State of the Empire of Morocco (London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1788), 73-74. (n35.) Douglas Porch, The Conquest of Morocco (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1983), 32, quoting from Jules Erckman, Le Maroc moderne (Paris, 1885).* (n36.) Gavin Maxwell, The Lord of the Atlas (London: Century Publishing, Ltd., 1983), 286-289, citing: Dr. Paul Chatinieres, Dans les grands Atlas marocains (Plon, 1919); Christian Houel, Le Maroc (n.d.);* and Maurice Privat, venus au Maroc (Documents Secrets, 1921).* See also Rom Landau, Moroccan Journal (London: Robert Hale, Ltd., 1952), 180181 ("Sexual intercourse among men is fairly prevalent; in actual practice, neither active pederasty in a man nor passive pederasty in a boy is considered a disgrace.")
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