Australian Politics Forum - Science thread

Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #45 - Mar 10^th, 2025 at 1:06pm Protein Folding and AI (Nobel Prize 2024) The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded for breakthroughs in protein design and structure.
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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #46 - Mar 24^th, 2025 at 5:13am HUGE Microchip Breakthrough 1nm resolution required to make the chips:
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Re: Science thread
Reply #47 - Jul 6^th, 2025 at 7:53pm

How Many Neutrons Can You Stack Before Reality Breaks?

Jul 6, 2025

What happens if you keep adding neutrons—forever? Is there a limit? And what does quantum mechanics and relativity have to do with it?

This video explores the surprising physics of nuclear forces, quantum mechanics, and gravity to find out. We use back-of-the-envelope reasoning to estimate the mass limits of neutron stars and uncover why these strange objects are essential to the existence of elements, planets, and life itself.

From the structure of the atomic nucleus to the death of massive stars, this is the story of how neutrons shape our universe.

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Re: Science thread
Reply #48 - Jul 12^th, 2025 at 4:04pm

How does Gold form nuggets in Quartz veins?

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QgRToy1lGVE

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01514-1

Article

Published: 02 September 2024

Gold nugget formation from earthquake-induced piezoelectricity in quartz

Christopher R. Voisey, Nicholas J. R. Hunter, Andrew G. Tomkins, Joël Brugger, Weihua Liu, Yang Liu & Vladimir Luzin
Nature Geoscience volume 17, pages920–925 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract
Gold nuggets occur predominantly in quartz veins, and the current paradigm posits that gold precipitates from dilute (<1 mg kg−1 gold), hot, water ± carbon dioxide-rich fluids owing to changes in temperature, pressure and/or fluid chemistry. However, the widespread occurrence of large gold nuggets is at odds with the dilute nature of these fluids and the chemical inertness of quartz. Quartz is the only abundant piezoelectric mineral on Earth, and the cyclical nature of earthquake activity that drives orogenic gold deposit formation means that quartz crystals in veins will experience thousands of episodes of deviatoric stress. Here we use quartz deformation experiments and piezoelectric modelling to investigate whether piezoelectric discharge from quartz can explain the ubiquitous gold–quartz association and the formation of gold nuggets. We find that stress on quartz crystals can generate enough voltage to electrochemically deposit aqueous gold from solution as well as accumulate gold nanoparticles. Nucleation of gold via piezo-driven reactions is rate-limiting because quartz is an insulator; however, since gold is a conductor, our results show that existing gold grains are the focus of ongoing growth. We suggest this mechanism can help explain the creation of large nuggets and the commonly observed highly interconnected gold networks within quartz vein fractures.

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Sprintcyclist Gold Member Offline OzPolitic Posts: 41705 Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #49 - Jul 12^th, 2025 at 4:26pm thanks Bobby. Science is amazing
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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #50 - Jul 12^th, 2025 at 4:30pm Sprintcyclist wrote on Jul 12^th, 2025 at 4:26pm: thanks Bobby. Science is amazing Yep - and I'm keeping you all up to date on it.
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Jasin Gold Member Offline Posts: 56770 Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #51 - Jul 12^th, 2025 at 7:28pm Such good Christians.
Back to top	AIMLESS EXTENTION OF KNOWLEDGE HOWEVER, WHICH IS WHAT I THINK YOU REALLY MEAN BY THE TERM 'CURIOSITY', IS MERELY INEFFICIENCY. I AM DESIGNED TO AVOID INEFFICIENCY. IP Logged

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Re: Science thread
Reply #52 - Jul 21^st, 2025 at 7:24am

The Man Who Should Be As Famous As Einstein

Claude Shannon is the father of Information Theory.

Chapters:

00:00 How Computers Understand 1s and 0s
0:35 Growing Up in Michigan
1:20 Boolean Logic: The Language of Computers
1:57 Building Circuits with Math
3:09 Working on the Differential Analyzer at MIT
4:15 The 1937 Master’s Thesis That Changed the World
5:15 Dabbling in Genetics
6:06 Building War Machines (SIGSALY)
7:25 Shannon Bell Labs
8:22 The Birth of Information Theory (1948 Paper)
9:07 Becoming a Celebrity Scientist
10:20 Building Theseus, an Electronic Mouse That Learned
11:01 Chess and Artificial Intelligence
11:28 Juggling, Stocks, and Curiosity
11:54 The Final Years: A Mind Lost to Alzheimer’s

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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #53 - Aug 2^nd, 2025 at 6:51am Lithography of 2nm integrated circuits are being planned by Japan: Timestamps: 00:00 - Japan Huge Comeback 04:56 - New Semiconductor Fab 10:36 - Japan’s Plan to Win Semiconductors and First Wafer 17:03 - New 2nm Chip and New Materials
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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #54 - Aug 18^th, 2025 at 10:06pm What did Teller say about Einstein? This will surprise all of you: Edward Teller - Going to see Einstein give a lecture (31/147)
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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #55 - Aug 19^th, 2025 at 9:50pm Monk is trying to steal my science thread - he has no content - only his mutterings.
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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #56 - Sep 20^th, 2025 at 12:03am Will chip making succeed in the USA? Timestamps: 00:00 - New Semiconductor Fab 10:35 - Fab 2 13:45 - Fab 3 16:03 - Fab 4 18:58 - Breakthrough and Warning 23:37 - The biggest challenge
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Re: Science thread
Reply #57 - Oct 19^th, 2025 at 5:05pm

Oct 19, 2025

The $30 Billion Betrayal: Britain's Atom Bomb Mistake

In March 1940, two British scientists calculated that an atomic bomb only needed 20 pounds of uranium - not tons. It could fit in a plane and level a city. And Nazi Germany might already be working on one.
By July 1941, Britain's MAUD Committee had proven the bomb was achievable and created a detailed roadmap. There was just one problem: Britain was broke and couldn't afford to build it.
So in August 1943, Churchill and Roosevelt signed the Quebec Agreement. Britain would share everything - all research, scientists, and breakthroughs. America would build it. After the war, they'd remain partners.
British scientists joined the Manhattan Project. Made crucial contributions. The bomb worked. War ended.
Then on August 1, 1946, the McMahon Act made sharing atomic information with ANY nation - including allies - a federal crime. Britain was cut off completely from their own invention.
Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin: "We've got to have this thing over here whatever it costs... We've got to have the bloody Union Jack on top of it."
Britain spent the next six years and hundreds of millions of pounds rebuilding from scratch what they'd already invented and given away. While rationing bread and living under the worst peacetime austerity in history.
Was this a betrayal or justified security? The broken promise that cost Britain billions.

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Bobby. Moderator Offline Australian Politics Posts: 119711 Melbourne Gender:	Re: Science thread Reply #58 - Oct 19^th, 2025 at 5:51pm Good video above - it shows how the Yanks can't be trusted to do deals with science knowledge. It doesn't look good for our submarine deal.
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Re: Science thread
Reply #59 - Oct 24^th, 2025 at 9:12am

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250907.html

Explanation: How much of planet Earth is made of water? Very little, actually. Although oceans of water cover about 70 percent of Earth's surface, these oceans are shallow compared to the Earth's radius. The featured illustration shows what would happen if all of the water on or near the surface of the Earth were bunched up into a ball. The radius of this ball would be only about 700 kilometers, less than half the radius of the Earth's Moon, and slightly smaller than Saturn's moon Rhea which, like many moons in our outer Solar System, is mostly water ice. The next smallest ball depicts all of Earth's liquid fresh water, while the tiniest ball shows the volume of all of Earth's fresh-water lakes and rivers. How any of this water came to be on the Earth and whether any significant amount is trapped far beneath Earth's surface remain topics of research.

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