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A 2005 scientific paper, "Natural History of Ashkenazi Intelligence"[8] proposed that Ashkenazi Jews as a group inherit higher verbal and mathematical intelligence with somewhat lower spikes in spatial intelligence than other ethnic groups, on the basis of inherited diseases and the peculiar economic situation of Ashkenazi Jews in the Middle Ages.
Ashkenazi Jews have had success in a variety of academic fields disproportionate to their small population size, including science, technology, politics and law. [9] For instance, Ashkenazi Jews have won more than one quarter of Fields Medals, Turing Awards and Regeneron Science Talent Search awards. People of Ashkenazi Jewish descent are also disproportionately represented among world chess champions (54 percent) [10], National Medal of Science recipients (37 percent), U.S. Nobel Prize winners (29 percent) [8], and Nobel laureates in medicine or physiology (42 percent)[10]. Furthermore, Jews comprise up to one third of the student populace at Ivy League schools, [9] and 30 percent of U.S. Supreme Court law clerks.[11]
Ashkenazi Jews have also had disproportionate success in non-academic fields such as business and commerce. According to the 1931 census of Poland, Jews comprised 9.8 percent of the Polish population but controlled 22.4 percent of the wealth in the country.[11] Despite their small population, Ashkenazi Jews in Poland also owned 55 percent of large and medium-sized commercial businesses in 1938 and dominated the textile, chemical, food, transportation, paper manufacturing, and building material industries.[11]
In 1954, a psychologist discovered that of the 28 children in the New York public school system who had an IQ score of 170 or higher, 24 were Jewish.[12]
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