'Turning people into zombies': Inside the Russian troll factory
Neil MacFarquharMoscow: At first, new recruits to the Internet Research Agency, the notorious Russian troll factory, were thrilled by the better-than-average salaries they earned simply for posting on the internet. But one says he eventually realised that the work hid a darker reality: Both they and their audience were meant to turn into zombies.
"They were just giving me money for writing," said the former troll, a St. Petersburg resident who wanted to get into marketing or journalism but was drawn by the hard-to-match paycheck. "I was much younger and did not think about the moral side. I simply wrote because I loved writing. I was not trying to change the world."
On Friday, the US Department of Justice accused the Internet Research Agency and its senior employees of working illegally to meddle in the 2016 US presidential election, indicting 13 Russians and the companies linked to it.
In recent interviews conducted before the indictments, two former trolls spoke about their experiences. Neither man wanted his full name used, citing the threats and intimidation others have been subjected to for speaking out.
Both left the agency for different reasons — one troubled by the substance of the work, the other struggling with the breakneck pace to create fake content.
Alexei, the troll from St. Petersburg, said he was among the first 25 employees hired. To get the job, he said, he had to write an essay on the "Dulles Doctrine," a Soviet-era conspiracy theory that may seem obscure to Westerners but is well known to Russians.
That was a significant clue about what was to come. The Dulles Doctrine — born in a 1971 novel, and gaining new life after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 — was a supposed plot by Allen Dulles, the CIA director from 1953 to 1961, to destroy the Soviet Union by corrupting its moral values and cultural heritage.
That, as the West has learned in the last couple of years, is precisely what the Kremlin and the troll factory set out to do to the United States, undermining faith in its electoral system by encouraging or even establishing groups that would sow domestic discord. Troll factory tactics included applauding Donald Trump’s candidacy while trying to undermine Hillary Clinton’s.
As the factory got going, Alexei said, the first task assigned to all new employees was to create three identities on Live Journal, a popular blogging platform. One was to be of very high quality in writing and content, the other two "marginal."
They worked in 12-hour shifts, either day or night, and the assigned topics popped up in their email: President Vladimir Putin, or President Barack Obama, or often the two together; Ukraine; the heroism of Russia's Defense Ministry; the war in Syria; Russian opposition figures; the US role in spreading the Ebola virus.
The key words and subject line were always assigned. At the time, the removal of chemical weapons from Syria negotiated under Russian auspices was a favorite topic. Alexei recalled writing seven or eight blog posts about it.
"You had to write that 30 per cent of the weapons had been removed, and the next day we would say that 32 per cent had been taken out," he said, adding that he had no idea if any had been removed.
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