Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 11:44am:



So according to you there are no emissions, pollution during lithium battery production.

"Toyota admits that the production of its lightweight Prius requires more energy and emits more carbon dioxide than the production of its gas-only models"

"The production of lithium-ion batteries account for 2 to 5 percent of total lifetime hybrid emissions and nickel-hydride batteries are responsible for higher sulfur oxide emissions, roughly 22 pounds (10 kilograms) per hybrid compared with 2.2 pounds (about 1 kilogram) for a conventional vehicle [sources: Samaras and Burnham et al]."

http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/does-hybrid-car-...

"In a 2013 report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Design for the Environment program concluded that batteries using nickel and cobalt, like lithium-ion batteries, have the “highest potential for environmental impacts”. It cited negative consequences like mining, global warming, environmental pollution and human health impacts."

https://www.theguardian.com/vital-signs/2015/jun/10/tesla-batteries-environment-...

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 11:44am:


You mean there are more advanced techniques available to build lithium batteries? Please cite them.

How do you get more lithium out than you put in?

The report showed the amount of lithium available, at the time, and then worked from that to how many batteries for a Nissan Leaf, that it could provide. And that was before the commercial size operations like SA electricity storage were announced.

One notes that the LostSnail "quotes" fake stuff from the very Lefty Guardian - so convincing to a gullible Greeny type.

In the mean time the evil Greenies poison the planet with their Renewable Rubbish TOXIC WASTE.

And where does the dirty Greenies' Renewable Rubbish TOXIC WASTE end up ?



Will solar PV create a wave of toxic battery waste in rural Africa?
13 December 2016

Promoting solar photovoltaic (PV) off-grid solutions for poor rural areas without access to electricity is a good thing. The benefits of lighting and electricity for education and health, and clean energy as an enabler for income-generating activities cannot be emphasised enough. Therefore, the Sustainable Development Goal 7 ‘Affordable and Clean Energy’ promotes renewables such as solar PV and mini grids as one of the quickest ways to scale up rural electrification rates in developing countries and to end energy poverty.


Image of indoor storage/office space of used lead-acid battery traders

When people talk about off-grid solar PV, they often only talk about solar panels, but forget that for solar to work in off-grid areas one also needs storage technologies - batteries. Also, what is so far not considered in the roll-out of solar PV panels and batteries, are the end-of-life issues associated with the technologies. At this stage, and for decades to come, millions of lead-acid batteries are likely to be used as the main storage technology in rural off-grid areas – in the absence of environmentally sound recycling facilities.

In Africa, many countries and communities are already struggling with contaminated sites and soil pollution from unregulated car battery recovery and recycling. Unsound end-of-life management and recycling can cause severe and even fatal lead poisoning of people working in the battery recycling sector. The health of people living around small and industrial-scale lead smelters, in particular children, are severely impacted for life. A recent report by the Lead Recycling Africa Project and Oeko-Institute revealed that already every year more than 1.2 million tonnes of used lead-acid batteries and 800,000 tonnes of lead require sound management in Africa.

Some organisations are beginning to understand the looming challenges associated with the energy transition in rural Africa and are exploring solutions to the emerging problems. On regional level the United Nations Environment Assembly meeting held in May 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya, focused on health and environmental hazards caused by the recovery of lead from waste batteries. On 24 November 2016, I attended a multi-stakeholder workshop in Abuja, Nigeria, organised by the Heinrich Boell Foundation, bringing together researchers, regulators, NOGs, solar PV companies and battery industry representatives to discuss the issues at stake.

The solar off-grid battery recycling challenge in Africa
In Nigeria about 60 per cent of the population still have no access to modern energy services. To address the issue, Nigeria aims to install 30,000 megawatts of solar PV by 2030 as outlined in the country’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). Most of this solar target will be installed off-grid. Other African countries have similar targets - the African Renewable Energy Initiative that was launched in 2015 has a 300 gigawatt target for 2030, solar PV will play a major role. Ghana aims to deploy around 30,000 solar home systems and two million solar lanterns by 2020 and invest $230 million into four solar energy project areas, including mini-grids and stand-alone solar PV systems.

For Nigeria’s off-grid solar PV installations, the panels and most batteries are currently imported from China (about 70-80 per cent). While European products are too expensive, other suppliers are South Korea and the US, and only about 10 per cent of lead-acid batteries are produced domestically. As the battery costs are about 60 per cent of the installation cost for an off-grid PV installation, Chinese imports are currently the best option for low and middle income countries. Already about two million are imported every year as energy storage devices (also for conventional diesel generators), a number that is expected to rise steeply.

Read the rest of the disgusting Greenies' toxic waste poisoning the planet here

http://www.ids.ac.uk/opinion/will-solar-pv-create-a-wave-of-toxic-battery-waste-...

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 8:26pm:



You have trouble reading?

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 8:35pm:


Obviously less energy than original manufacture, otherwise it wouldn't be feasible.

Oh no a greenie who doesn't believe in recycling. Sounds kinda hypocritical.

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 8:35pm:


Now you seem to be getting it. An attempt.

You also said "zero net emissions". Is that only for the solar and batteries replacing fossil fuel energy? Or does it mean those emissions from cobalt etc that are used in the lithium battery manufacture?

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 8:35pm:


So you want to make it retroactive? Use today's standards on yesterday's manufacture?

I bet you had a big car when you were young.

lee wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 8:47pm:


The problem is like yourself and the rest of the conservative money maggot swill you keeping making up excuses not to change your dirty habits. The premise of all of your arguments on these forums is about maintaining the status quo and bottom line by denying that there is anything wrong with what you do in the first place so no reason to change

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 10:15pm:



hear hear sir Nail,
we only have petrol cars because the oil companies control the world.

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 10:09pm:



Oh dear. back to shooting the messenger. Lost your debate again.

Sir lastnail wrote on Sep 18^th, 2017 at 10:25pm:



Got any updates on lithium availability?