The Law of the sea-
"In a significant development for small island nations threatened by rising seas, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has found greenhouse gases constitute marine pollution.

The tribunal handed down a unanimous advisory opinion this week in its first climate-related judgement. It declared countries must take measures to combat climate change in order to preserve the marine environment under the law of the sea.

The ruling responds to a request from the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS). The commission sought to clarify whether obligations to prevent pollution and protect the marine environment under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) apply to climate change and ocean acidification.

The tribunal’s answer was an emphatic yes. This means countries, including New Zealand, must now address climate change under both the law of the sea and international climate agreements.
Better decisions start with better information.

This represents a significant step forward under international law. It clarifies that nation states have obligations beyond the current climate change regime to cut emissions and to take adaptation measures.
Members of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law make the victory sign and hold the legal opinion of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Representatives of small island nations celebrate the tribunal’s ruling.
Background to the request

Members of COSIS are largely Pacific and Caribbean small island states. They are disproportionately vulnerable to climate impacts on the ocean. Threats include sea-level rise, severe weather events and the depletion of fish and other ocean resources.

The tribunal also received written submissions from 34 other states, including New Zealand and nine international and non-governmental organisations.

COSIS asked two questions:

    What are the specific obligations on state parties under UNCLOS to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment resulting from climate change or ocean acidification?

    What are the specific obligations under UNCLOS to protect and preserve the marine environment in relation to climate change and ocean acidification?

Preventing pollution and protecting the ocean

The obligations to prevent marine pollution and to protect the marine environment are key objectives under UNCLOS. But none specifically refer to climate change or ocean acidification. This is unsurprising since the convention was adopted in 1982.

Some institutions associated with UNCLOS, such as the International Maritime Organization, have taken steps to address climate impacts on the ocean. But countries have been reluctant to do so. They have often asserted the primary mandate regarding emissions reductions and climate adaptation lay with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

The tribunal’s advisory opinion confirmed, for the first time, that the 168 UNCLOS parties must address climate change and ocean acidification in order to comply with their obligations under the law of the sea.

First, ITLOS confirmed that greenhouse gas emissions and the heat generated by a warming climate meet the definition of “pollution” under Article 1(4) of UNCLOS. This is important because under Part XII of UNCLOS, states have obligations to prevent, control and mitigate pollution of the marine environment from any source. "

https://theconversation.com/a-new-ruling-says-countries-including-nz-must-take-action-on-climate-change-under-the-law-of-the-sea-230420

Back to sail and outriggers. "Sorry, we can no longer supply you. Too much CO2".

And of course the ocean is not going acidic. ::)

Thanks Lee,

https://www.epa.gov/ocean-acidification/understanding-science-ocean-and-coastal-acidification

How Acidity is Measured: pH
The acidity of a liquid is reported as . The lower the pH value, the higher the acidity of a liquid. Solutions with low pH are acidic and solutions with high pH are basic (also known as alkaline).

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, average ocean pH was about 8.2. Today, average ocean pH is about 8.1.
This might not seem like much of a difference, but the relationship between pH and acidity is not direct. Each decrease of one pH unit is a ten-fold increase in acidity. This means that the acidity of the ocean today, on average, is about 25% greater than it was during preindustrial times.

more links:

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/ocean-acidification-what-you-need-know#what-is

https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/NRDC-OceanAcidFSWeb.pdf

A pH of 7.0 is neutral. A pH of 8.1 is  alkaline, not acidic in any way. The pH varies hourly. So a guess is the best they can do. Good luck getting a global figure.

"This ocean monitoring indicator (OMI) consists of annual mean rates of changes in surface ocean pH (yr-1) computed at 0.25°×0.25° resolution from 1985 until the last year. This indicator is derived from monthly pH time series distributed with the Copernicus Marine product MULTIOBS_GLO_BIO_CARBON_SURFACE_REP_015_008 (Chau et al., 2022a). For each grid cell, a linear least-squares regression was used to fit a linear function of pH versus time, where the slope (μ) and residual standard deviation (σ) are defined as estimates of the long-term trend and associated uncertainty."

...

"Part of the polar and subpolar North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean has no significant trend."
So all things are not equal.
https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data/copernicus-services-catalogue/global-ocean-acidification-mean-sea-water-ph-trend-map

Poor JM. Just doesn't understand the difference between acidic and alkaline. It is called titration, when you change the levels.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro)/17%3A_Aqueous_Ionic_Equilibrium/17.04%3A_Titrations_and_pH_Curves

lee wrote on May 24^th, 2024 at 7:37pm:

Poor JM. Just doesn't understand the difference between acidic and alkaline. It is called titration, when you change the levels. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro)/17%3A_Aqueous_Ionic_Equilibrium/17.04%3A_Titrations_and_pH_Curves

Wow - Monk should be brilliant in chemistry with his BSc.   :-[
It was never my strong suit.
I did well in maths and physics  not chemistry.

He says he was a geologist. Rocks, in the head and elsewhere.

So let's look at that. Because it is a log function we have to antilog it and compare to the neutral measurement of 7.0.

A'log 7 = 10,000,000

A'log 8.1 = 125,892,541.179417

A'log 8.2 = 158,489,319.246111

So using 7.0 as the base the log 8.2 represents 7.9% of base 7.0

And the log 8.1 represents 6.3% of base 7.0.

Much ado about nothing. ::)

lee wrote on May 26^th, 2024 at 3:48pm:

So let's look at that. Because it is a log function we have to antilog it and compare to the neutral measurement of 7.0. A'log 7 = 10,000,000 A'log 8.1 = 125,892,541.179417 A'log 8.2 = 158,489,319.246111 So using 7.0 as the base the log 8.2 represents 7.9% of base 7.0 And the log 8.1 represents 6.3% of base 7.0. Much ado about nothing. ::)

And try telling Monk that.   ::)