Quote:

The built environment sector is by far the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, responsible for at least 37 per cent of the global emissions. Yet it has received only a small fraction of climate-focused development funding, compared to other sectors. Until now, most of the progress in the sector has been made on reducing the “operational carbon” of a building – the emissions created from heating, cooling and lighting, which are projected to decrease from 75 per cent to 50 per cent of the sector in the next few decades. However, solutions for reducing the “embodied” carbon emissions from the design, production and deployment of building materials such as cement, steel, and aluminium have lagged far behind. The reasons for this are complex and many actors are involved. Therefore, the incentives for decarbonisation need to simultaneously enable decision makers, from producers to consumers across the global material supply chains, in both informal and formal building sectors. This report highlights the urgent need to develop new models for cooperation on the decarbonisation of building materials, if the world is to reach its goals for net zero emissions from the built environment sector by the mid-century.

...


Quote:

Why has it been so difficult to decarbonise building materials, and what can be done about it? People have not always built with carbon-intensive materials and their future use is not inevitable. Before the middle of the 20th century, the vast majority of cultures built large buildings and cities out of indigenous earthen, stone and bio-based materials – such as timber, cane, thatch and bamboo. However, during the last century, with ever greater access to fossil fuels, the global extraction and production of carbon-intensive, mineral-based materials (such as concrete and steel) exploded and became widely associated with the image of modern progress, strength and expediency. Yet many contemporary building structures and materials only give the illusion of durability, as they were “designed for obsolescence”. Building assemblies with limited lifespans are now destined for landfills at demolition, as they have been procured through complex supply chains and are not designed for easy disassembly or re-use. An example is the vast number of failing concrete structures with steel and glass façades across the developed world that need to be replaced just a few decades after they were built. Meanwhile, stone, wood and even massive mud buildings have been maintained for centuries with their structures intact.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cYHq0HDL78xJjo-uWd13bqwZ24Elgz5L/view

You will live in mud huts and love it. Only we, the elite, shall have better. ::)

But don't forget gender bias - "6. Tackle Gender Bias in Both Formal and Informal Building Sectors"